Bergir



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(ModeL) H. VAN HOEVENBERGH.

LOOK.

N0.--'38'7,833-. Patented Aug. 14, 1888.

INVENTOR:

ATTORNEYS.

N. PETERS. IholwLzlhognphzn V/alhm 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(ModeL) H. VAN HOEVENBERGH.

LOCK.

INVENTOR ATTORNEYS.

Patented Aug. 14, 1888.

WITNESSES 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

LOGK.

Patented Aug. 14, 1888;

(ModeL) H. VAN HOEV'ENBERGH.

INVBNTOR ATTORNEYS.

UNITE STATES PATENT Erica.

HENRY VAN I-IOEVENBERGH, OF NE\V YORK, N. Y.

LOCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 887,833, dated August14, 1888.

Application filed January 17, 1888. Serial No. 5261,0l0.

To all 1072,0721. it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY VAN HOEVEN- nnnen, of the city, county, andState of New York, have invented a new and useful ntprovement in Locks,of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to what are known as pin-tumblerlooks, and isapplicable to all or any purposes, structures, or places using such orother locks; but it will be found especially adapted to places orstructures in which the control of the lock is limited to a given timeor particular person or personsas, for in stance, the safes ofsafety-deposit companies vaults, postoffice-boxes, money-drawers, 85c.-and in which when a change of ownership or control is made it iscustomary to change the lock for another requiring a different key. Thisnecessity my invention avoids; and it consists in a pin-tumbler lock andin certain details, constructions, and combinations of parts thereof,substantiallyas hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying.

drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar lettersof reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 represents an exterior face view of a lock embodying myinvention with the bolt drawn back. Fig. 2 is a side view of the samewith the bolt and other parts in the same position as in Fig. 1, andshowing the key inserted by full lines when the bolt is drawn back, andby dotted lines the position of the key and that of the swinging oroscillating tumbler-carrier when the bolt is shot forward. Fig. 3 is asect-ion upon the lines a; as in Figs. 2 and 5 when the parts are inposition for drawing the bolt back, or when the bolt is fully drawn backbut not locked or held in such position, and with a key inserted. Fig.at is a similar view to Fig. 3 with adifferentlyconstrncted key insertedand with the parts in position when the bolt is drawn back or ready tobe drawn back, but not locked or held. Fig. 5 is a section upon the line1 y in Fig. 3 with the working parts of the lock in correspondingposition, the key inserted, and the bolt drawn back, but not securedback. Fig. 6 is a section similar to Figs. 3 and4 after the key has beenremoved. Fig. 7 is a section upon the line c in Fig. 8 with the parts(Modem in position after the bolt has been shot and for locking the boltin such position, and Fig. 8 is a section upon the line to w in Fig. 7with the parts in corresponding position and under similar conditions.

A is the back plate, and B the frame, of the lock, both of which may beof any suitable construction, according to the purpose, place, orstructure for which the lock is designed.

Gis a stationary tumbler-receiver made concave on its face I) from acenter which is the center of motion of the movable tumbler-carrier D ofthe lock, said movable tumbler-carrier here being shown in the form ofasectorshaped block hung to rock, swing, or oscillate on side centers orpins, 0 c, and made convex on its face d to form a close fit or contactwith the concave surface Z) of the fixed tumbler-receiver C; but thismovable tumbler-carrier may be other than sector-shaped, if desired, andthe extent of its circular motion be varied.

E is the belt of the lock, fitted to slide in and out through airontguide, 6, and connect ed, as by a rod or plate, F, having a slot, j,with a wrist-pin, g, on a crank or arm, G, secured to one side of themovable tumbler-carrier D; or any other suitable connections may be madebetween the bolt E and the oscillating tumbler-carrier D for shooting ordrawing back the bolt by the motion of said carrieras, for instance,first in the one direction and then in the other between stops h h.

The movable carrier D is constructed with a row or series of radialducts or perforations, it It, that is in transverse relation with theaxial center of motion of said carrier, each formed with a shoulder, t,and extending from the shoulder outward to or through the axial centerof the carrier, where said ducts terminate in a front slot or key-hole,Z, in said carrier. Each duct it, back of its shoulder 2', is adapted tocontain or has arranged within it a sectionally-constructed pintumbler,each of which is composed of inde pendent pins or tumblers m m, arrangedone in front of the other and of varied lengths. There may be three ormore of these independent tumblers for each duct it, four being shown inthe drawings. The greater the number the more enlarged the permutationvchar actor of the lock or greater the number of combinations possible.

The fixed tumbler-receiver O is constructed with two independent rows orseries of radial ducts or perforations, 70 it", both of which arearranged to register-that is, either one at a time-with the ducts 7c ofthe movable carrier D, accordingly as said carrierin shooting or drawingback the bolt is brought up against either stop h. The one set or row ofducts It serves in the operation of the lock to receive from the ductsIt of the movable carrierD certain of the pin-tumblers or pin-tumblersections on m against the action of springs 0 o in the backs of theducts k, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 of the drawings, the numberof pin-sections m thus entering the ducts It" being determined by thekey S or S, and the same or those thereof on which the springs 0 0 actbeing what may be termed spring-followers, as well as tumblers. Theother row or series of ducts, 7c, have arranged within them aseries ofpin-tumblers, n n, which also act as followers, and are acted upon bysprings 0 0 at their backs. These combined tumblers and followers n aneed not be of sectional construction, but each be made of a singlepiece, as shown.

While only two keys, S S, of different construction as regards thelength of their bits or pins 8 s, are here shown, there may be a largenumber of such keys, each of different construction to the other asregards the length of their bits or certain of them, and each key willoperate the lock; but, whichever of the keys be used, the same key thatis used at any one time to shoot the bolt is the only one, or anotherkey of the same construction, that will unlock or draw back the bolt.

Supposing the bolt E to be drawn back, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 5,then the position of the movable carrier D relatively to the fixedtumbler-receiver G will be as represented in Figs. 2 and 5, which bringsthe ducts k in said carrier in line and register with the ducts kiu thefixed receiver 0, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6. The pin-tumblers ortumbler-sections m farthest removed from the key-hole 1 will thenproject from their ducts 0 in the carrier D partly intothe ducts k ofthe fixed tumbler-reeeiver G, and by crossing the surfaces of junction db of the tumbler-carrier and tumbler-receiver, as shown in Fig. 6, thebolt E will be locked or held in its back position, so that it cannot beshot without the aid of a proper key. The combined tumblers andfollowers n in the fixed tumbler-receiver G will then simply rest on orbe forced by their springs 0 against the convex face (I of thetumbler-carrier D.

To shoot the bolt, the key S or S or other suitable key is then insertedthrough the keyhole Z and pressed inward as far as it will go. This willcause the bits of the key to force one or more of the back tumblers outof each duct 7c in the movable carrier D wholly into the ducts It of thefixed tumbler-receiver O, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, the number oftumblers or tumbler-sections m thus displaced being dependent upon theirlength, but more particularly upon the varied lengths of the bits 8 ofthe key, and the number of tumblers m used in each duct will bedetermined by the key. When the tumblers m, however, have been displacedby the key, as described, then, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, none ofthe tumblers in will close the junction between the faces I) and d ofthe fixed tumbler-receiver G and the movable tumbler-carrier D, so thaton laterally oscillating the key as alever throughout its whole lengthfrom the position shown by full lines in Fig. 2 to the position shown bydotted lines in the same figure, in contradis tinetion to the whole orpartial rotation of the key upon its axis or center, the movabletumbler-carrier will be moved from the position shown in Fig. 5 to theposition shown in Fig. 8, leaving certain of the tumblers m within theducts k of the tumbler-receiver G, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 8, andthe bolt E will be shot, as shown in Fig. 8, and the duct 7c of themovable carrier D will be brought into line or register with the duct isof the fixed tumblerreceiver 0, as shown in Fig. 8, when upon removingthe key the combined tumblers and followers n in said tumbler-receiverwill be partly forced by the springs 0' into the ducts k of the movabletumbler-carrier D, crossing the movable tumbler-carrier and fixedtumblerreceiver, as shown-in Figs. 7 and '8, and thus locking the bolt Ein its closed position.

It will thus be seen that independent sets of tumblers are used to lockthe bolt in its open and closed positions.

To draw back the bolt E the same key is again inserted, forcing thefollowers n back'to their normal unlocking position of the bolt, and isoscillated or vibrated throughout its whole length in a reversedirectionthat is, from the position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2 tothe position shown by full lines in the same figure-when the tumblers onleft in the ducts k of the tumbler-receiver G will be forced outward bytheir springso into their normal position (shownin Fig. 6,) thuslocking)the bolt again in its drawn-back position.

From this description it will be seen that only a slight movement of thekey as a lever throughout its whole length from one side to the other isnecessary to shoot or draw back the bolt, and that the bolt is lockedwhen shot and thrown back by different pin-tumblers, and that by thesectional construction of the tumblers m of varying length a very largevariety of combinations may be made, thereby making the lock of anextended permutation character, the sectional construction of thetumblers m and their varyinglengths and their changed position, ifdesired, in the ducts 7c of the movable tumbler-carrier, and the use ofkeys having their bits or certain of them of different lengths-that is,the one key as compared with another-providing for this, it only beingnecessary that when the key is inserted to shoot the bolt, its bitsforce certain of the tumblers m, the same varying with the lengths ofthe key-bits,out of locking position between the fixed tumbler receiver0 and the movable tumbler-carrier D. The same key, however, or one oflike construction used to shoot the bolt will be necessary to draw itback, notwithstainling that several keys of different construction maybe used to work the same lock,which only renders change ofkeys necessaryinstead of a change of look when a key has been lost or the control ofthe lock is required to be changed.

In a lock constructed substantially as describcd a matrix approximatelythe shape of the step-like construction of the bits of the key is formedby the united action of said key, pins, or tumblers inovingin ducts andsuitable springs,aud which is so organized that the bolt cannot bewithdrawn unless said matrix is re produced by the action of the samekey or one with precisely similar steps or bits.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a pintuinblcr lock, an oscillating or swinging tumbler-carrierprovided with a series of ducts or perforations arrangedin transverserelation with the axial center of motion of said tumbler-carrier, andeach containing three or more independentpins or tumblers arranged onein advance of the other, and the several pins or tumblers in each ductbeing of different lengths, in combination with a stationarytnminer-receiver in working or close contact with the oscillatingtumbler-carrier and having a corresponding or registering series ofducts or perforations adapted to receive a portion of said independenttumblers by the pushing action of a proper key,springs for operatingsaid tnniblers,and a locking-bolt, substantially as specified.

2. A pin-tumbler lock provided with a mor able tumbler-carrier having aseries of ducts or perforations, each containing three or more pins ortumblers, and with atuinbler-receiver having two sets or rows of ductsor perforations, one of which rows or sets is adapted to receive andhold certain of the pins or tumblers from the movable tumbler-carrier,determined by the key of the lock, and the other row or set holding orbeing provided with separate locking pins or tumblers for the purpose oflocking the movable tumbler-carrier when the key is removed, essentiallyas described.

A pin-tumbler lock in which a matrix approximately the shape of thesteps of the key as produced by its bits is formed by the united actionof the key of the lock, and pins or tumblers moving in ducts, said pinsor turnblers in each duct being of different lengths, and suitablesprings controlling said tumblers, the whole being organized so that thebolt of the lock' cannot be withdrawn excepting said matrix isreproduced by the action of the same key or keys of similar constructionas regards its steps, substantially as specified.

4;. A lock having a movable pin-tumbler carrier organized to oscillateor rock, and provided with a key-hole intersecting its axis ofoscillation, in combination with a boit connected with saidtunibler-carrier,whereby said bolt is shot or withdrawn by theoscillation or lever like action of a key throughout its length ineontradistinetion to the whole or partial rotation of the key upon orabout its longitudinal axis or center, substantially as specified.

5. In a pin-tumbler lock, the combination of aswinging or oscillatingtumbler-carrier, a stationary tumbler -receivcr, a key fitting saidtumbler-carrier and adapted to be rocked or oscillated with it, and boltcapable of being shot or withdrawn by such rocking or oscillatingmovement, essentially as described.

6. In a. pin-tumbler lock provided with a swinging or oscillatingtumbloncarrier having a series of ducts or perforations in transverserelation with the axial center of motion of said carrier, thecombination, with such carrier, of a series of sectionally-constructedsliding pins or tumblers of varying lengths arranged within said ductsor perforations, essentially as herein set forth.

7. In a pin-tumbler lock, the combination of the swinging or oscillatingtumblencarrier having a series of ducts or perforations, sectionallyconstructed sliding pins or tumblers arranged within said ducts0r perforations, a bolt connected with said oscillating carrier, thestationary tumbler-receiver having two sets or rows of ducts orperforations arranged to register in the oscillation of thetumblercarrier with the ducts in the latter, and a secondary set of pinsor tumblers in the one set or row of ducts in the stationary tumbler-receiver, the whole being organized For operation substantially asspecified.

S. In a pin-tumbler lock, the combination, with the swinging oroscillating tumbler-carrier having ducts or perforations in transverserelation with the axial center of motion of said carrier, of a series ofsectionally-constrncted tumblers arranged to move within said ducts, astationary tumbler receiver perforated to receive said tumblerspartially within it, and a series of keys diiferentl y stopped or havingbits of different lengths, each adapted to control said tumblers to openand close the lock, essentially as herein set forth.

HENRY VAN HOE-VENfiERGI-I.

Witnesses:

O. Snnowiox, A. Ganoonx.

